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Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1652-x

摘要： The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called “controlled combustion”, the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.

关键词： Vinyl chloride Combustion Chemical safety management Environmental risk Emerging contaminants

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基于本质安全的工业事故风险管理方法研究

吴宗之

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 46-49

摘要：

从风险管理角度对生产过程中的安全防护方法进行了分类和论述，提出了基于本质安全思想的工业事故综合风险管理方法与程序，其核心内容是在常规的危险辨识和风险评价基础上，优先应用本质安全原理来减少、消除危险，综合采用无源安全措施、有源安全措施或多层安全防护措施与功能安全标准，将风险降低至可接受水平；提出了本质安全应与清洁生产、绿色化学、循环经济同等纳入优先发展的技术和政策等建议。

关键词：本质安全风险管理事故预防安全设计

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Process safety management considerations for biofuel production

Hao WU, Igor PEÑARRUBIA, Lin CUI, Jinsong ZHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 357-367 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017025

摘要： The global production of bio-based chemical products, particularly biofuel products, has tremendously increased over the last decade. Driven largely by a new legislation, this increase has generated the commercialization of new products and processes. Unfortunately, alongside these developments were a significant number of accidents and explosions at biofuel facilities, entailing property damage, injury, and even deaths. The aim of this current study is to draw attention to incidents that occurred in biofuel facilities and clarify the misconceptions that cause people to ignore safety in bio-refineries. A process hazard analysis (PHA) method, namely the hazard and operability study (HAZOP), is first used in biofuel production. This method is an ethanol distillation and dehydration process. Through the HAZOP analysis, 36 recommended action items are proposed, and all recommendations are accepted. The case study reveals that potential high-level risks exist in the current biofuel process design and operating procedures, and these risks can be better controlled if they can be previously identified.

关键词： biofuel HAZOP PHA risk management

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中国大坝的安全和管理

吴中如

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第6期页码 36-39

摘要：

大坝是我国国民经济建设及社会发展的重要基础设施，提高和加强对大坝的安全认识和管理水平，对充分发挥大坝的作用具有重大意义。本文回顾了中国大坝安全状况，简述了大坝的安全管理，并为提高大坝安全与管理提出了一些认识。

关键词：中国大坝安全管理

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用于高风险环境安全监测和可调热管理的具有分层核壳结构的耐化学品纱线 Article

Duo Xu, Yingcun Liu, Can Ge, Chong Gao, Ze Chen, Ziyi Su, Haoran Gong, Weilin Xu, Jian Fang

《工程（英文）》 2024年第32卷第1期页码 221-229 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.06.018

摘要：

Chemical resistant textiles are vital for safeguarding humans against chemical hazards in various settings, such as industrial production, chemical accidents, laboratory activities, and road transportation. However, the ideal integration of chemical resistance, thermal and moisture management, and wearer condition monitoring in conventional chemically protective textiles remains challenging. Herein, the design, manufacturing, and use of stretchable hierarchical core–shell yarns (HCSYs) for integrated chemical resistance, moisture regulation, and smart sensing textiles are demonstrated. These yarns contain helically elastic spandex, wrapped silver-plated nylon, and surface-structured polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yarns and are designed and manufactured based on a scalable fabrication process. In addition to their ideal chemical resistance performance, HCSYs can function as multifunctional stretchable electronics for real-time human motion monitoring and as the basic element of intelligent textiles. Furthermore, a desirable dynamic thermoregulation function is achieved by exploiting the fabric structure with stretching modulation. Our HCSYs may provide prospective opportunities for the future development of smart protective textiles with high durability, flexibility, and scalability.

关键词： Hierarchical core–shell structure Chemical resistant yarn Wearable strain sensor Thermoregulation

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Elements’ important ranking of China drug safety management system: applying the non-structural

Xiaoping ZHENG, Xiaocui WANG, Tingkuan ZHONG,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 290-299 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0283-5

摘要： Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society. In order to reduce drug incident, this study discusses some important elements associated with China drug safety management system and analyzes the data collected by questionnaires. Besides, a methodology for rating the important elements is described and applied. The non-structural fuzzy group decision method not only considers the insufficient precise information but also combines the opinions of different kinds of respondents in China’s four municipalities. The results indicate that the sample systems are the most important in these important elements, and the order of importance is sampling systems, licensing systems, traceability systems, transaction models, pharmacovigilance and emergence management. This study not only points out the important ranking of the pivotal elements in China drug safety management but also gives some specific proposals about how to enhance drug safety management in China.

关键词： management system different management important ranking non-structural fuzzy

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地铁施工安全仪表盘技术研究与应用

丁烈云,周迎,陈丽娟

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第8期页码 67-72

摘要：

地铁施工安全受工程地质条件、当前施工进度、周边环境等多因素综合影响。通过构建可视化仪表盘，基于地铁工程三维实体模型，动态显示在上述各影响因素耦合作用下工程的安全状态，支持作业风险和危险构件及其影响区域实时预警和控制，准确识别工程的最危险部位、风险区域分布、等级状态等，为现场安全管理提供决策支持。

关键词：地铁施工安全仪表盘

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IMPROVING NITROGEN SAFETY IN CHINA: NITROGEN FLOWS, POLLUTION AND CONTROL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 465-474 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022454

摘要：

● It is necessary to address the N flows and their impacts on environment in China for sustainable N management.

关键词： barriers future management ammonia emissions nitrogen input water N pollution

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IoT sensor-based BIM system for smart safety barriers of hazardous energy in petrochemical construction

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 1-15 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0160-6

摘要： The accidental release of hazardous energy is one of the causes of construction site accidents. This risk is considerably increased during petrochemical plant construction because the project itself is complex in terms of process, equipment, and environment. In addition, a general construction safety barrier hardly isolates and controls site hazardous energy effectively. Thus, this study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor-based building information modeling (BIM) system, which can be regarded as a new smart barrier design method for hazardous energy in petrochemical construction. In this system, BIM is used to support the identification of on-site hazardous energy, whereas IoT is used to collect the location of on-site personnel in real time. A hazardous energy isolation rule is defined to enable the system to generate a smart barrier on the web terminal window, thereby ensuring the safety of on-site person. This system has been applied to a large-scale construction project in Sinopec for one year and accumulated substantial practical data, which supported the idea about the application of sensor and BIM technology in construction. The related effects of the system on hazardous energy management are also presented in this work.

关键词： IoT BIM smart safety barrier hazardous energy management petrochemical construction

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我国公共食品安全应急治理组织模式优化

彭思喜,张日新

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 88-98 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.06.009

摘要：

针对公共食品安全应急治理“如何整合多元主体有效参与社会共治”的组织难题，本文在梳理我国公共食品安全应急治理组织演化与模式特征的基础上，揭示了我国公共食品安全应急治理组织症结：“条块分割”独特性造成公共食品安全应急治理的“不完备”科层制模式，从而催生和恶化了食品安全政府监管内在的“科层制困境”，引发了自身难以解决的复杂环境适应性、预案可操作性、信息传递单向性、多部门治理联动性、决策执行的制度依赖性等组织问题。基于我国公共食品安全应急治理组织的优化逻辑，本文提出了基于“三制融合”的公共食品安全应急治理组织模式，从组织结构、预案机制、信息机制、决策机制、支撑机制等方面探究了其运行机制。“三制融合”是我国公共食品安全应急治理组织模式的演化方向，将在推进多元社会主体有效参与和食品安全社会共治方面发挥积极作用。

关键词：公共食品安全；应急治理；组织模式；三制融合

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Research Trends in Information Technology Applications in Construction Safety Engineering and Management

Mirosɬaw J. Skibniewski

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 246-259 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014034

摘要： Through analysis of articles published from 2000 to March 2014 in Automaton in Construction (AUTCON), an international research journal published by Elsevier, this paper summarizes the topics of research and the institutions worldwide where research was conducted in construction safety engineering and management. Seventy-one articles published during this time focused on Information Technology (IT) applications in this field were selected for analysis. The underlying research topics and their related IT implementations are discussed, and research trends in allied specialties are identified.

关键词： automation international research journal research trends industrial safety engineering and management construction technology building engineering information technology

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Effect of land-use management systems on coupled physical and mechanical, chemical and biological soil

Rainer HORN, Winfried E. H. BLUM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 243-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020334

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现代新型煤化工工程建设项目管理模式探讨

武祥东

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第2期页码 54-58

摘要：

笔者分析了传统的自营管理模式、国际PMC（project management contractor,项目管理承包商）模式和IPMT（integratedproject management team, 联合管理团队）模式3种现行项目管理模式的优缺点，结合现代新型煤化工项目建设特点和建设业主的实际，探讨了现代煤化工项目建设的有效管理模式，提出了项目管理建议

关键词：管理模式煤化工 EPC(engineering procurement construction) IPMT

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高土石坝工程安全评价与预警信息管理系统

张宗亮,于玉贞,张丙印

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 33-37

摘要：

基于现场监测数据及先进的数值分析方法，建立土石坝全生命周期的工程安全评价及预警信息系统，是目前土石坝发展的必然趋势。以糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝为依托，开发了理论严密、方法先进且可靠实用的大坝工程安全评价与预警信息管理系统。该系统由系统管理模块、安全指标模块、监测数据与工程信息模块、数值计算模块、反演分析模块、安全预警与应急预案模块和数据库及管理模块共7个模块构成。其中，数值计算和反演分析模块可利用所取得的坝体监测数据，进行渗流、大坝应力变形、坝体裂缝、地震动力反应和坝坡稳定等土石坝关键计算分析，是本系统的核心部分。利用工程前期已经取得的坝体变形监测数据，对坝体进行了变形反演分析并对大坝关键时间结点的形态进行了预测分析。

关键词：糯扎渡水电站大坝安全评价预警信息管理系统反演分析

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Application of

Weifang SHI, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 117-127 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0581-5

摘要： The homogeneous risk characteristics within a sub-area and the heterogeneous from one sub-area to another are unclear using existing environmental risk zoning methods. This study presents a new zoning method by determining and categorizing the risk characteristics using the -means clustering data mining technology. The study constructs indices and develops index quantification models for environmental risk zoning by analyzing the mechanism of environmental risk occurrence. We calculate the source risk index, air risk field index, water risk field index, and target vulnerability of the study area with Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park using a 100 m × 100 m mesh grid as the basic zoning unit, and then use -means clustering to analyze the environmental risk in the area. We obtain the optimal clustering number with the largest average silhouette coefficient by calculating the average silhouette coefficients of clustering at different -values. The clustering result with the optimal clustering number is then used for the environmental risk zoning, and the zoning result is mapped using the geographic information system. The study area is divided into five sub-areas. The common environmental risk characteristics within the same sub-area, as well as the differences between sub-areas, are presented. The zoning is helpful in risk management and is convenient for decision makers to distribute limited resources to different sub-areas in the design of risk reducing intervention.

关键词： environmental risk zoning k-means clustering silhouette coefficient chemical industrial park risk management